Causes of Infertility from Unprotected Intercourse During the Ovulation Period

Couples trying to conceive may encounter situations where they have intercourse during the ovulation period but are unable to achieve pregnancy. The common reasons include:

1. Abnormal ovulation function in women. Certain diseases may cause ovulation disorders—for example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which prevents follicles in the ovaries from developing and being released normally; premature ovarian insufficiency, which leads to a decrease in both the number and quality of eggs; and hormonal imbalances, which can also affect ovulation.

2. Abnormalities in the female fallopian tubes. If the fallopian tubes are blocked or adhered, they will be unable to properly pick up the egg and transport it to the uterus, thus preventing fertilization of the egg by sperm.

3. Abnormalities in the female endometrium. Conditions such as intrauterine adhesions or a thin endometrium may make it difficult for the fertilized egg to implant.

4. Abnormal follicle development in women. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome or premature ovarian insufficiency may prevent the eggs from being released normally or cause them to atrophy.

5. Sperm quality and quantity in men. Poor sperm motility, abnormal morphology, dead sperm, absence of sperm, oligospermia, or asthenospermia can all prevent sperm from effectively combining with the egg.

6. Immunological factors in both partners may prevent successful implantation of the fertilized egg.

7. Lifestyle and age-related factors. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of exercise, as well as the advancing age of the woman, may all reduce fertility.

If a couple has regular intercourse during the ovulation period but fails to achieve pregnancy after a prolonged period, it is recommended that both partners visit a hospital together for a comprehensive evaluation to identify the specific cause.