What causes pelvic fluid accumulation?

Pelvic fluid collection refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pelvic region. It can have various causes, including infections, inflammation, or tumors involving the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, or rectum. The most common cause is pelvic inflammatory disease, such as salpingo-oophoritis. Other causes include endometriosis, rupture of ovarian cysts, postoperative serous exudate following pelvic surgery, and pelvic tuberculosis. Pelvic fluid may also result from systemic conditions such as cirrhosis within the abdominal cavity. To determine the exact cause of pelvic fluid accumulation, clinical evaluation along with imaging studies—such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI—and possibly biochemical and cytological analyses are typically required.