What tests are included in cervical cancer screening?

Cervical cancer screening is primarily used for the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, and mainly includes two tests: cervical cytology (such as Pap smear or liquid-based cytology) and HPV (human papillomavirus) testing. Cervical cytology involves collecting cervical cell samples to examine morphological and structural changes in the cells, identifying any abnormal cells. HPV testing checks for infection with high-risk types of HPV, as HPV infection is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening is generally recommended to begin at age 21. Based on age and individual risk assessment, doctors will recommend an appropriate screening frequency. Screening should be conducted at accredited medical facilities to ensure test quality. If results are abnormal, individuals should seek timely medical follow-up for further diagnosis and treatment.