What are the treatment methods for multiple myeloma?

The treatment of multiple myeloma mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Drug therapy: This is one of the primary treatment methods. Commonly used drugs include proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, and immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide or lenalidomide. 2. Surgical treatment: Autologous stem cell transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are commonly used surgical approaches, suitable for younger patients with less advanced disease. Autologous stem cell transplantation can improve remission rates, while allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is primarily used for patients with refractory or relapsed disease. 3. Other treatments: Management of complications caused by multiple myeloma, such as anemia and hypercalcemia, requires appropriate interventions including blood transfusions and administration of calcium-lowering medications.