What causes severe abdominal pain during menstruation?

Severe abdominal pain during menstruation is commonly known as dysmenorrhea. This symptom may be caused by various factors, including excessive uterine contractions, gynecological conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Fluctuations in hormone levels can also affect uterine contractions and pain perception. Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, or excessive mental stress may exacerbate menstrual pain. Severe menstrual cramps might also result from "cold uterus" (gonghan), a condition believed to occur when the abdomen or feet are chronically exposed to cold, leading to impaired shedding of the endometrial lining and resulting in abdominal pain. It's important to keep the abdomen warm during daily life. To relieve dysmenorrhea, it is recommended to maintain healthy lifestyle habits, avoid overexertion, engage in moderate exercise, and consult a doctor when necessary for medication or other treatments. Although dysmenorrhea is common, persistent or severe pain should not be ignored and requires timely medical evaluation and care.