What is the cervix?

The cervix is a vital component of the female reproductive system, located at the lower part of the uterus. It measures approximately 2.5–3 cm in length, with its upper end connected to the uterine body and its lower end extending into the vagina. It serves as the first gateway for sperm passage and the essential passageway for fetal delivery. The cervix performs multiple functions, including secreting cervical mucus to facilitate sperm transport, remaining tightly closed during pregnancy to protect the fetus, and gradually softening and dilating during childbirth to allow the baby's passage. Additionally, the cervix acts as a critical defense by preventing pathogens from ascending into the reproductive tract. Cervical health is closely linked to female fertility and menstrual regulation, making it essential for women to maintain a healthy cervix.