Can ureteral stones be treated with extracorporeal lithotripsy?

Ureteral stones can generally be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), but the suitability depends on the stone's size, location, and the patient's specific condition. In principle, ureteral stones smaller than 1 cm are eligible for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Stones smaller than 5 mm can often pass spontaneously, while larger stones, especially those exceeding 1 cm, may require multiple lithotripsy sessions. Even stones smaller than 1 cm that have remained stationary for more than four weeks without change may require surgical intervention. Additionally, stones in special locations—such as the upper ureter or at the ureteropelvic junction—can be difficult to treat with lithotripsy, and alternative treatment methods may need to be considered. ESWL is contraindicated in pregnant women and patients with severe hypertension, diabetes, urinary tract infections, or heart failure.