What causes prolonged menstrual periods accompanied by brown discharge?

Prolonged menstrual periods accompanied by brown discharge may be caused by various factors. Physiological causes include cold-induced uterine stagnation (due to exposure to cold), leading to poor expulsion of menstrual blood; emotional fluctuations causing hormonal imbalances; or increased menstrual flow and prolonged periods resulting from the use of blood-activating and stasis-resolving medications. Pathological factors should not be overlooked either, such as gynecological conditions including incomplete luteal regression, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and chronic cervicitis, all of which can lead to extended menstruation and brown discharge. Additionally, endocrine disorders, endometritis, endometriosis, uterine hypertrophy, and blood disorders may also cause similar symptoms. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation, appropriate testing, and treatment.