Can testicular dysgenesis lead to azoospermia?

Testicular dysgenesis may lead to azoospermia. Testicular dysgenesis refers to incomplete or absent development of the testes due to various factors, resulting in testicular volume smaller than the normal standard (typically less than 10 cm³). In such cases, the spermatogenic function of the testes may be impaired, disrupting sperm production and secretion. Specifically, testicular dysgenesis can cause male reproductive dysfunction, thereby affecting sperm generation. Azoospermia is defined as the absence of sperm in repeated semen analyses and is one of the primary causes of male infertility. Therefore, there is a clear association between testicular dysgenesis and azoospermia.