How is acute orchitis contracted?

The main causes of acute orchitis are as follows: 1. Infection of adjacent organs: Due to the presence of the blood-testis barrier, direct infection of the testis is relatively rare. However, when neighboring organs such as the epididymis become inflamed, bacteria may invade the testis via the lymphatic system or through retrograde transmission along the vas deferens, leading to orchitis. 2. Viral infection: For example, mumps orchitis occurs when the virus spreads to the testis hematogenously following an acute episode of mumps. 3. Trauma: If testicular injury is not promptly treated, it may result in tissue hematoma, which can subsequently lead to secondary infection. 4. Iatrogenic infection: Medical procedures such as urethral instrumentation or indwelling catheterization may introduce pathogens, resulting in iatrogenic orchitis. In addition, factors such as low immunity and poor personal hygiene may also increase the risk of developing acute orchitis.