What are the symptoms of infant formula-induced constipation in babies?

The main symptoms of constipation in infants caused by formula feeding include the following aspects: 1. Dry and hard stools: Due to the high protein content in formula and the immature intestinal function in infants, excessive water absorption occurs, resulting in dry, hard stools that are often lumpy or pellet-like and difficult to pass. 2. Difficulty defecating: Infants may experience difficulty passing stools due to dryness, often needing to strain or cry to have a bowel movement. In some cases, there may also be prolonged defecation time or increased intervals between bowel movements. 3. Abdominal distension: If the nutrients in the formula are not effectively absorbed, undigested residues may ferment in the intestines and produce gas, leading to bloating. This can manifest as abdominal swelling and persistent crying. If the infant exhibits the above symptoms, parents are advised to promptly consult a doctor or pharmacist and take appropriate measures according to medical advice, such as switching formula brands, increasing fluid intake, or gently massaging the infant's abdomen to alleviate constipation.