What are the clinical manifestations of Ebola hemorrhagic fever?

Ebola hemorrhagic fever presents with diverse and severe clinical manifestations, primarily including the following: 1. **Acute onset and high fever**: Patients typically experience an acute onset of illness with rapid development of high fever, often exceeding 38°C, accompanied by chills, headache, and muscle pain. 2. **Gastrointestinal symptoms**: Two to three days after the onset of illness, patients may develop gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. Some patients may also experience sore throat and cough. 3. **Bleeding tendency**: As the disease progresses, severe cases may develop multi-site bleeding several days after onset, such as hemoptysis, nosebleeds, oral bleeding, subconjunctival hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, vaginal bleeding, skin hemorrhages, and hematuria. The peak of bleeding often occurs around day 10, with more than 50% of patients experiencing severe bleeding. 4. **Altered mental status**: After entering the critical phase (4–5 days after illness onset), patients may develop altered mental status, such as delirium and somnolence, indicating progression to a life-threatening stage. 5. **Other complications**: Ebola hemorrhagic fever can also be complicated by conditions such as myocarditis and bacterial pneumonia, further worsening the patient's condition.