Hemorrhagic Fever: Clinical Manifestations and Symptoms

The clinical manifestations and symptoms of hemorrhagic fever are diverse and complex, primarily characterized by fever, hemorrhage, and kidney damage. During the febrile stage, patients commonly develop high fever (body temperature may reach 39-40°C), chills, headache, back pain, eye socket pain, and generalized body aches. They may also exhibit signs such as facial, neck, and upper chest congestion and flushing (known as "triple erythema") and conjunctival congestion and edema. As the disease progresses, patients may enter a hypotensive shock phase, presenting with symptoms including decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, shallow and rapid breathing, and impaired consciousness. In severe cases, patients may fall into a coma or even die. Additionally, hemorrhagic fever can cause kidney damage manifested as oliguria, hematuria, and proteinuria. During the convalescent stage, symptoms gradually subside; however, attention should be paid to possible sequelae such as back pain and abnormal urination. Hemorrhagic fever is a severe and rapidly progressing disease; therefore, prompt medical attention is essential if any suspected symptoms occur, to avoid delays in treatment.