What causes herpes viruses and how are they treated?

Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses, primarily divided into two types: herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Herpesvirus infection is mainly caused by various factors, including but not limited to: 1. **Sexual transmission**: Herpesviruses are commonly transmitted through sexual contact. Engaging in sexual activity with an individual carrying the herpesvirus may lead to transmission and infection. 2. **Cutaneous or mucosal infection**: Certain herpesviruses are transmitted primarily through direct contact with infected skin or mucous membranes. This may result in herpes lesions on the lips, face, or other areas. 3. **Salivary transmission**: Some herpesviruses can be transmitted via saliva. Close contact such as kissing or sharing eating utensils may spread these viruses. 4. **Congenital infection**: Herpesviruses may be transmitted from mother to fetus through the placenta, or to the newborn during delivery via the birth canal or through breast milk, leading to congenital herpesvirus infection. 5. **Iatrogenic transmission**: During certain medical procedures, such as organ transplantation or blood transfusion, herpesviruses may be transmitted to the recipient via blood or organs. Treatment of herpesvirus infection mainly includes physical therapy, topical medications, and oral medications, as detailed below: 1. **Physical therapy**: Herpesvirus infection can cause blisters on the skin, accompanied by symptoms such as redness, swelling, and pain. Local wet compresses may be applied to the affected areas to alleviate inflammation. Scratching the skin should be avoided to prevent secondary infection. 2. **Topical medications**: Under a physician's guidance, antiviral ointments such as acyclovir cream or penciclovir cream may be applied locally to relieve skin discomfort. If secondary infection occurs, topical treatments such as fusidic acid cream or neomycin ointment may be used. 3. **Oral medications**: If herpesvirus infection is severe and symptoms cannot be relieved with physical therapy or topical medications, antiviral drugs such as acyclovir tablets or famciclovir tablets may be taken orally as directed by a physician.