Why Do Closed Comedones Develop and How to Remove Them

The main causes of closed comedones are keratinization, narrowing, and blockage of the follicular sebaceous gland ducts, which prevent sebum from being discharged and cause its accumulation within the hair follicles. Specific contributing factors include hormonal imbalances, dietary irritation, excessive mental stress, and improper local cleansing. To remove closed comedones, you may try the following methods: 1. Skin cleansing: Choose a gentle facial cleanser to thoroughly clean your face, removing excess oil and dirt to prevent pore blockage. 2. Topical medications: Under a doctor's guidance, use retinoid medications such as adapalene gel, which can help dissolve comedones and improve keratinization of the follicular sebaceous ducts. 3. Chemical peels: For small comedones, treatment with alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) or salicylic acid peels may be effective. However, it is important to control the concentration and frequency to avoid skin irritation. 4. Adjust lifestyle habits: Maintain a light diet and avoid spicy or greasy foods; ensure adequate sleep and a positive mood; use cosmetics appropriately to avoid pore blockage. 5. Professional treatments: If closed comedones are severe or self-care measures prove ineffective, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist for professional treatments such as manual extraction or other clinical procedures.