Precursors of Malignant Transformation of Breast Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenomas of the breast are usually benign tumors, and the probability of malignant transformation is very low. However, if a fibroadenoma exhibits any of the following changes, it may indicate a risk of malignancy: 1. Accelerated growth: Fibroadenomas generally grow slowly. Sudden enlargement or rapid growth within a short period should raise concern. 2. Changes in shape and borders: Benign fibroadenomas typically have well-defined borders. If the borders become blurred or irregular, this may indicate malignant transformation. 3. Change in consistency: Benign fibroadenomas feel firm upon palpation; if they become harder or have a fixed, adherent feel, malignancy may be present. 4. Pain: Most fibroadenomas are non-tender. The presence of persistent pain or tenderness may require further evaluation. 5. Skin changes: Signs such as redness, swelling, peau d'orange (orange peel-like appearance), or nipple retraction are warning signs of breast cancer and are uncommon in fibroadenomas. 6. Nipple discharge: Nipple discharge unrelated to lactation, especially if it is bloody, requires further investigation. 7. Associated symptoms: Accompanying symptoms such as axillary lymph node enlargement, general fatigue, or weight loss may suggest malignant disease. If any of the above abnormalities are detected, prompt medical consultation is recommended.