What is emphysema?
Disease description:
Recently, I have often felt that my breathing is not smooth, and even slight physical activity causes severe shortness of breath. After visiting the hospital, I was told I have emphysema. What is emphysema? What are its main symptoms? How should it be treated?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Zhang Xiuhong
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized primarily by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to air trapping within the lungs, reduced elasticity of lung tissue, and decreased lung function.
Emphysema is mainly caused by long-term smoking, air pollution, dust irritation, bronchitis, pneumonia, and other factors. Among these, long-term smoking is the most important cause of emphysema. In addition, environmental pollution, genetic factors such as hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and long-term inhalation of occupational dust and harmful gases are also significant contributing factors.
In the early stages, there may be no obvious symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as exertional dyspnea and cough may develop. Associated symptoms also include systemic manifestations such as fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, and upper abdominal fullness. In severe cases during the late stages, patients may develop edema, palpitations, headache, confusion, or even coma.
In terms of treatment, smoking cessation is the most critical measure. Bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and other medications can be used to relieve symptoms. Oxygen therapy or pulmonary rehabilitation training may be necessary when indicated. For patients with severe emphysema, treatments such as lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation may need to be considered.
