What are the potential risks of long-term constipation?

The main hazards of long-term constipation include the following:

1. Anorectal diseases: Chronic constipation may trigger or worsen anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and rectal prolapse. Hard and dry stools can injure the anal and rectal mucosa during defecation, leading to these disorders.

2. Gastrointestinal dysfunction: Constipation causes prolonged retention of fecal matter in the intestines, allowing harmful substances to be absorbed into the bloodstream, which can lead to gastrointestinal neurological dysfunction, manifesting as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, belching, and other symptoms.

3. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks: During defecation, individuals with constipation often strain, increasing abdominal pressure and potentially causing a sudden rise in blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage.

4. Mental health effects: Long-term constipation can also affect mental health, contributing to mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. This is due to the close connection between gut health and brain function, known as the "gut-brain axis."

Patients suffering from chronic constipation are advised to seek medical attention promptly and undergo comprehensive treatment through dietary adjustments, increased physical activity, and, when necessary, medication.