What are the diseases associated with bone tuberculosis?

Osteotuberculosis, referred to as skeletal system tuberculosis, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease can affect bones and joints throughout the body, but most commonly involves the spine. The second most commonly affected sites are large joints such as the hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. Osteotuberculosis can primarily be categorized into the following types:

1. Tuberculosis of the upper limb bones: includes tuberculosis of the elbow joint and wrist joint. This type commonly occurs in young and middle-aged adults, and is relatively rare in children.

2. Tuberculosis of the lower limb bones: includes tuberculosis of the hip joint, knee joint, greater trochanter of the femur, and ankle joint.

3. Spinal tuberculosis: this is the most common type, primarily presenting with low back pain, restricted spinal movement, and localized tenderness. In later stages, kyphotic deformity of the spine and neurological dysfunction may develop.

4. Tuberculosis of the sacroiliac joint: this type usually occurs unilaterally in the sacroiliac joint and is often misdiagnosed, thus requiring special attention.

Treatment generally involves anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, supplemented by surgical treatment when necessary.