During pregnancy preparation, how can one determine whether ovulation has occurred successfully if the ovulation status is uncertain?

Methods to determine whether ovulation is successful:

Basal body temperature measurement: In the morning after waking up, use a thermometer to measure oral or axillary body temperature and record it. Generally, basal body temperature is relatively low before ovulation, and it increases by 0.3-0.5°C after ovulation. This elevated temperature typically lasts for about 12-16 days. If the basal body temperature curve shows a biphasic pattern, it suggests that ovulation may have occurred.

Observation of cervical mucus changes: As ovulation approaches, cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, elastic, and stretchy, resembling egg whites. This type of mucus facilitates sperm penetration and increases the likelihood of conception. You can assess whether you are approaching ovulation by observing the vaginal discharge on your underwear or by manually checking the cervical mucus.

Ovulation test strips: These detect the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine to predict the time of ovulation. When LH reaches its peak, the ovulation test strip will display a positive result, indicating that ovulation is imminent. The LH surge typically occurs approximately 24-48 hours before ovulation. Testing can begin around day 10 of the menstrual cycle using ovulation test strips at the same time each day. When the test strip is positive, increasing the frequency of intercourse appropriately can improve the chances of conception.

Ultrasound monitoring: Ultrasound can directly observe follicular development and the ovulation process. Monitoring typically begins around day 10-12 of the menstrual cycle to assess follicle size, shape, and number. When the follicle diameter reaches approximately 18-20 mm, it indicates that the follicle is mature and ovulation is about to occur. After ovulation, ultrasound can also detect the disappearance or reduction of the follicle, and there may be a small amount of fluid accumulation in the pelvic cavity.