Does taking an X-ray have any effect on sperm?

Getting an X-ray can affect sperm, but the impact is generally minimal when the radiation is at low doses and not directed at the genital area. However, the effects can be more significant when the genitals are directly exposed or when exposed to high-dose radiation. During X-ray imaging, if the area being examined is not the genitals—for example, limbs or torso—and the radiation dose is low, the impact on sperm is typically minimal. Radiation doses used in medical diagnostics are strictly controlled, and low levels of radiation usually do not cause significant damage to sperm. Furthermore, different tissues and organs in the body have varying sensitivities to radiation; areas outside the genital region are relatively more tolerant.

If the X-ray directly targets the male genital area, such as the testes or epididymis, the impact on sperm increases significantly. These areas are highly sensitive to radiation, and high-dose X-ray exposure may lead to reduced sperm count, decreased motility, DNA damage, and morphological abnormalities. In severe cases, it could even lead to male infertility. Additionally, even if the radiation is not directly aimed at the genital area, extremely high radiation doses may still have serious adverse effects on sperm. Men planning to conceive should try to avoid X-ray exposure during the preconception period, especially radiation exposure to the genital region.