What are the diseases of the rheumatism and immune system?

Rheumatic and immunological system diseases are a large group of diseases that affect the joints, muscles, bones, and other parts of the body, characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues. There are many types of these diseases, including but not limited to the following:

1. Diffuse connective tissue diseases: such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, etc. These diseases typically involve multiple systems throughout the body and present with a wide variety of symptoms.

2. Spondyloarthropathies: such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, etc. These diseases mainly affect the spine and joints, causing pain, stiffness, and functional impairment.

3. Degenerative joint disease: such as osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint condition commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

4. Crystalline and metabolic diseases: such as gout and pseudogout, which are associated with abnormal metabolism of substances like uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate.

5. Infectious diseases: such as bacterial arthritis and reactive arthritis, which are caused by infections and often accompanied by joint redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

6. Sjögren's syndrome: affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth and dry eyes, and sometimes affecting other organs.

7. Dermatomyositis/polymyositis: affects the skin and muscles, causing muscle weakness and rashes.

8. Scleroderma: characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin, and may affect internal organs such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys.

9. Vasculitis: includes inflammation of the blood vessel walls; different types of vasculitis can affect blood vessels of varying sizes, causing a range of symptoms from mild rashes to severe organ damage.