Is hyperthyroidism the same as hypothyroidism?
Disease description:
Recently, I haven't been feeling well and went to the hospital for a checkup. Some doctors said it might be hyperthyroidism, while others suggested hypothyroidism. I became totally confused—Are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism the same condition? What exactly is the difference between these two diseases?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Yang Chuanjia
Hyperthyroidism refers to an overactive thyroid, while hypothyroidism refers to an underactive thyroid. Generally speaking, hyperthyroidism is not the same as hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland itself, leading to thyrotoxicosis, increased metabolic activity throughout the body, and heightened excitability of the nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems, along with metabolic hyperactivity. Patients commonly exhibit typical symptoms such as increased appetite, weight loss, and palpitations. Laboratory tests typically reveal decreased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and elevated free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels.
Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, is a condition caused by decreased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones or insufficient physiological effects thereof, resulting in reduced metabolic activity in the body. Patients often exhibit symptoms such as pallor, swelling of the eyelids and cheeks, dry and thickened skin, and non-pitting edema. Laboratory tests usually show elevated serum TSH levels and decreased free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels.
If symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism appear, prompt medical attention is necessary. Patients should take prescribed medications as directed and undergo regular thyroid function tests to allow for timely adjustment of treatment plans.
