What is the white substance inside a pimple?

Apr 20, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Liu Wan

Introduction

Acne is a skin condition caused by the blockage and inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. When acne appears, white substances are often observed; these are primarily sebum plugs—white papules formed due to clogged hair follicles. After oxidation, these plugs turn black. Mild cases usually do not require treatment and can be managed by maintaining proper hygiene. For more severe cases, medical treatment or physical therapies may be necessary.

The white substance inside pimples is called a sebaceous plug. The detailed explanation is as follows:

Acne is a skin condition caused by clogged and inflamed hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Its development may be associated with environmental changes, excessive stress, poor lifestyle habits, and other factors. After acne forms, the visible white material is primarily the sebaceous plug—a white papule formed due to blockage of the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. Upon exposure to air and oxidation, this plug can turn black. It typically results from overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands, combined with thickened keratin layers that block pores, preventing sebum from being excreted normally, leading to its accumulation and concentration. If symptoms are mild, improving unhealthy lifestyle habits is sufficient. It's also important to maintain local cleanliness and hygiene, and to eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins. No special treatment is required; over time, normal bodily metabolism will naturally eliminate the sebaceous plugs within the pimples.

If acne appears extensively or recurs frequently, patients should promptly visit the dermatology department of a reputable hospital for evaluation and follow medical advice for appropriate treatment. This may include topical medications such as adapalene gel or isotretinoin erythromycin gel—both are retinoid-based drugs. Other treatment options include phototherapy using red and blue light, pulsed laser, or intense pulsed light (IPL).

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