Symptoms and Treatment of Mumps in Adults
Nov 30, 2021
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Qin Jianyong
Introduction
The primary symptoms of mumps in adults include swelling and pain in one parotid gland; typically, the contralateral parotid gland becomes involved within 2–4 days, resulting in bilateral parotid swelling and pain. Initial management of mumps is supportive: patients should rest, consume a liquid or soft diet, and be monitored closely to prevent complications. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be considered and can provide some therapeutic benefit.
Mumps in adults is an acute, contagious disease caused by the mumps virus. After an incubation period, patients may develop prodromal symptoms, primarily including fever, headache, fatigue, and decreased appetite. Most patients gradually develop parotid gland involvement, typically beginning with unilateral swelling and pain of the parotid gland; within 2–4 days, the contralateral gland is often affected, resulting in bilateral parotid swelling and pain.
Parotid swelling is centered around the earlobe and extends anteriorly, posteriorly, and inferiorly, obscuring the mandibular border. Clinical manifestations include localized swelling and pain in the parotid region, marked tenderness on palpation, and local skin warmth. Mumps may also be complicated by various conditions, such as orchitis, oophoritis, and pancreatitis. Therefore, initial management focuses on general supportive care: adequate rest, a liquid diet, and prevention of complications.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential; patients should rinse their mouth promptly with normal saline after meals. Early administration of ribavirin may help alleviate symptoms and shorten the disease course. Symptomatic treatment—including analgesia, antipyresis, and nutritional support—should be provided as needed. In severe cases, corticosteroids (e.g., adrenal cortical hormones) may be considered and can yield beneficial effects.
