What should I do if I experience headache and nausea due to hypertension?
Jan 19, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Aifen
Introduction
We need to monitor our blood pressure levels closely. If blood pressure rises significantly, symptoms such as headache and nausea may occur; at this point, antihypertensive treatment should be initiated promptly. For markedly elevated blood pressure, rapid blood pressure reduction can be achieved using intravenous nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside. If the situation does not constitute a hypertensive crisis, oral antihypertensive medications are appropriate for blood pressure control.
Hypertension can damage the brain. In China, 73% of all strokes are associated with hypertension; moreover, the higher the blood pressure and the longer its duration, the greater the risk of stroke. Hypertension may also lead to hypertensive encephalopathy. This condition typically develops concurrently with elevated blood pressure and often initially presents with diffuse headache, nausea, and vomiting. Without prompt diagnosis and treatment, hypertensive encephalopathy poses a significant risk to life.
What to do for headache and nausea caused by hypertension
When experiencing headache and nausea due to hypertension, the first step is to measure blood pressure to determine the current level. Markedly elevated blood pressure commonly causes such symptoms, necessitating immediate antihypertensive therapy. For severe elevations, rapid-acting intravenous agents—such as nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside—may be administered. In non-emergent cases, oral antihypertensive medications are appropriate.
In addition to lowering blood pressure, it is essential to rule out intracerebral hemorrhage, especially when severe headache and nausea accompany markedly elevated blood pressure—symptoms that may reflect cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. A non-contrast head CT scan is strongly recommended to assess for possible intracerebral hemorrhage. If hemorrhage is confirmed, urgent intervention is critical, as delays may worsen outcomes. Notably, many cases of intracerebral hemorrhage are directly attributable to underlying hypertension.
Depending on disease severity, hypertensive encephalopathy may manifest with progressive neurological deficits—including cerebral ischemia, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and even brain herniation. Clinical manifestations may include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, hemianopia, diplopia, limb paresthesia, mental confusion, hemiparesis, aphasia, altered consciousness, somnolence, coma, seizures, or epileptic episodes. Fundoscopic examination may reveal retinal arterial spasm, optic disc edema, retinal exudates, and even retinal hemorrhages.
We hope the above information is helpful to you. Wishing you good health and happiness!
