Diagnosis and Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic systemic inflammatory disease. It often leads to severe kyphosis (hunchback), persistent low back and spinal pain, stiffness, and restricted mobility—causing significant discomfort and functional impairment for affected individuals. So, what are the diagnostic and treatment approaches for ankylosing spondylitis? Let’s explore them below.

Diagnostic Methods for Ankylosing Spondylitis

1. Clinical symptom assessment: Most patients present with characteristic symptoms such as low back pain and buttock pain. Pain typically improves with activity but worsens after prolonged sitting or during nighttime rest—sometimes even waking patients from sleep. Morning stiffness in the lumbar spine and back is also common. Clinicians further assess spinal mobility, presence of kyphosis, and any limitations in range of motion.

2. Blood tests: Laboratory evaluation includes measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Elevated levels of ESR and/or CRP suggest active inflammation and support the diagnosis of AS.

3. Genetic testing: Detection of the HLA-B27 gene via molecular testing is highly supportive; a positive HLA-B27 test significantly increases the likelihood of AS, especially when combined with compatible clinical features.

4. Imaging studies: Radiographic imaging—including X-ray, CT, and MRI—is essential to evaluate structural changes in the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine. Characteristic findings (e.g., sacroiliitis, syndesmophytes, or bamboo spine) provide objective evidence for diagnosis.

Treatment Approaches for Ankylosing Spondylitis

1. Pharmacological Therapy

Medication remains the cornerstone of AS management to control disease progression and alleviate symptoms. Under physician guidance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—such as diclofenac (Voltaren), ibuprofen (Fenbid), and loxoprofen (Loponin)—are commonly prescribed. In select cases, glucocorticoids may be administered via intra-articular injection or orally to reduce localized pain and stiffness in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac regions.

2. Non-Pharmacological Interventions

In addition to medication, lifestyle modifications—including dietary adjustments and exercise therapy—play a vital supportive role. Patients are encouraged to consume protein- and trace-element–rich foods (e.g., milk, soybeans, black beans), which promote metabolism in muscles, bones, joints, and tendons. Spicy foods should be avoided. Regular, appropriate physical activity—especially swimming in warm water—is highly recommended, as it helps maintain spinal flexibility and slow disease progression.

3. Physical Therapy

Physical modalities—including electromagnetic therapy, magnetic pulse wave therapy, and targeted directional superconducting therapy—may be employed to enhance local blood circulation, facilitate repair of damaged bone tissue, and stimulate bone regeneration.

The above outlines key diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for ankylosing spondylitis. We hope this information proves helpful to you.