What Causes High Bilirubin Levels (Jaundice) in Newborns?
Apr 22, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ma Yan
Introduction
Erythrocytosis (excess red blood cells). Neonatal jaundice is commonly associated with an elevated red blood cell count. When red blood cells are broken down in newborns, large amounts of bilirubin are produced; bilirubin is the primary causative factor of jaundice. Consequently, excessive red blood cells in newborns readily lead to severe jaundice and related symptoms.
Some newborns exhibit elevated bilirubin levels (jaundice) immediately after birth. Neonatal jaundice is generally classified as either physiological or pathological. What causes high bilirubin levels in newborns?
What Causes Elevated Bilirubin Levels in Newborns?
Excess red blood cells. Elevated bilirubin levels in newborns are commonly associated with an abnormally high number of red blood cells. When these excess red blood cells break down, they generate large amounts of bilirubin—the primary substance responsible for jaundice. Consequently, excessive red blood cell volume in newborns readily leads to hyperbilirubinemia (severe jaundice).
Immature liver and biliary function. Bilirubin metabolism depends on hepatic enzymes. However, newborns’ livers are not yet fully mature, and their production of these essential enzymes remains insufficient. As a result, bilirubin cannot be completely metabolized, leading to hyperbilirubinemia in many newborns. Additionally, the biliary system is also underdeveloped at birth, impairing timely excretion of bilirubin and further contributing to elevated bilirubin levels.
Viscous stool. Newborns eliminate bilirubin through bowel movements. However, if stools are abnormally thick or sticky, bilirubin excretion may be impeded. Prolonged accumulation of bilirubin within the newborn’s body can thus lead to severe jaundice. After birth, parents should closely monitor their baby for signs and symptoms. Yellowing of the skin or sclera may indicate jaundice. In such cases, prompt medical evaluation and targeted treatment are essential to minimize potential harm to the infant. We hope this information is helpful to you.
