What Causes Frequent Nosebleeds?
Aug 24, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhang Liwen
Introduction
The primary cause of epistaxis (nosebleeds) is rupture of small blood vessels in the anterior-inferior portion of the nasal septum—known as Little’s area—particularly under external trauma or in dry, cold weather. To control bleeding, apply firm pressure with the thumb against the ipsilateral ala nasi for 5–10 minutes. Acute rhinitis and sinusitis can also induce acute nasal mucosal congestion and vasodilation; inflammation may further lead to vascular rupture and subsequent epistaxis.
Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are common and generally harmless; however, recurrent nosebleeds are not normal and warrant further investigation. So, what causes frequent nosebleeds?
Causes of Recurrent Nosebleeds
The most common cause of nasal bleeding is rupture of small blood vessels in the Kiesselbach plexus—located in the anterior-inferior portion of the nasal septum. This area is especially prone to bleeding under external trauma or in dry, cold weather. To stop such bleeding, apply firm pressure with the thumb against the affected side of the nostril for 5–10 minutes. Acute rhinitis and sinusitis can also cause acute mucosal congestion, vasodilation, and subsequent vessel rupture due to inflammation. Topical nasal corticosteroid sprays, along with saline or buffered seawater nasal irrigation, may help reduce inflammation and control bleeding. Additionally, nasal vascular tumors—including benign nasopharyngeal tumors such as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma—can cause recurrent epistaxis.
When epistaxis occurs, patients should promptly seek medical evaluation to assess nasal anatomy and pathology. Nasal endoscopy is often recommended to comprehensively examine the nasal cavity. Concurrently, systemic evaluations—including blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, complete blood count (CBC), and coagulation function tests—are essential to rule out underlying hematologic disorders as potential causes of recurrent epistaxis.
If you experience recurrent nosebleeds, timely medical consultation and appropriate treatment are crucial. Follow your physician’s recommendations closely to facilitate prompt recovery. We hope this information has been helpful!
