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What does it mean if the skin test for tuberculosis becomes swollen?

Oct 17, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wan
Introduction
In general, swelling at the site of a tuberculosis skin test refers to induration in the tuberculin test, which may be caused by normal drug reaction, allergic reaction, or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is recommended to treat with methods such as vaccination or medication. Additionally, proper skin care should be maintained in daily life, keeping the area dry and clean to prevent infection.

Generally, swelling after a tuberculosis skin test refers to the formation of induration in the tuberculin test, which may result from a normal drug reaction, allergic reaction, or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is recommended to treat accordingly through vaccination or medication.

1. Normal Drug Reaction

The tuberculin test involves injecting tuberculin into the forearm and observing the site after 72 hours. Induration may develop; if the diameter of the induration is less than 5 mm, the result is considered negative, indicating a normal drug reaction. Usually, no special treatment is required, as the induration will gradually diminish and disappear naturally through metabolism. If concerned, receiving the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may help prevent tuberculosis to some extent.

2. Allergic Reaction

Individuals with an allergic constitution may experience hypersensitivity or allergic reactions when tuberculin enters the body, triggering an abnormal immune response that causes local skin induration, which may take longer to resolve. In daily life, avoid scratching the area and do not use irritants such as soap for cleaning. If symptoms such as itching or redness and swelling occur, follow medical advice to take medications such as loratadine tablets or cetirizine hydrochloride tablets.

3. Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

If, after 72 hours, the skin induration at the injection site exceeds 20 mm in diameter, the test result is positive, indicating infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prompt medical consultation is necessary, and treatment should be initiated under a doctor's guidance using combination therapy with medications such as rifampicin capsules and isoniazid capsules.

If swelling occurs after a TB skin test, it is advisable to seek timely evaluation by a physician to determine whether there is any significant impact. Additionally, maintain proper skin care in daily life—keep the area dry and clean to prevent infection.

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