What is the function of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine?

Mar 28, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Lv Aiming

Introduction

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine helps prevent cervical cancer, other HPV-related cancers, genital warts, and provides herd immunity. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer caused by two high-risk HPV types, HPV 16 and HPV 18, which are among the most common causative agents of cervical cancer.

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine serves to prevent cervical cancer, other HPV-related cancers, genital warts, and provides herd immunity. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Prevention of cervical cancer: The quadrivalent HPV vaccine prevents cervical cancer caused by two high-risk HPV types—HPV 16 and HPV 18. These two virus types are among the most common causes of cervical cancer.

2. Prevention of other HPV-related cancers: The quadrivalent HPV vaccine also helps prevent various other HPV-related cancers, including vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, and anal cancer. The vaccine offers protection against HPV 16 and HPV 18, as well as against HPV 6 and HPV 11, which are low-risk types associated with vulvar and anal cancers.

3. Prevention of genital warts: The quadrivalent HPV vaccine can also prevent genital warts caused by low-risk HPV types.

4. Provision of herd immunity: By vaccinating individuals, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine contributes to herd immunity within the population, reducing the transmission of HPV infection. This helps lower the overall incidence of HPV-related diseases in the community.

If you have further questions about the human papillomavirus vaccine, it is recommended to consult a doctor or other healthcare professionals for detailed information.

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Can you receive the quadrivalent HPV vaccine if infected with HPV type 58?

In general, after infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 58, individuals who are not allergic to vaccine components, have no underlying health conditions, and fall within the recommended age range can still receive the quadrivalent vaccine to prevent infection from other HPV types. However, vaccination is not recommended for those with persistent infections showing increased risk of cancerous changes or those allergic to vaccine components, to avoid potential adverse reactions.

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Can people with thrombocytosis receive the quadrivalent vaccine?

In general, whether patients with thrombocytosis can receive the quadrivalent vaccine depends on the control status of their condition. Those with stable disease are usually eligible for vaccination, while those with uncontrolled disease or in an acute phase should not be vaccinated. To ensure vaccination safety, patients should clearly understand their disease status before vaccination and inform healthcare providers of their medical history and medication use in advance.

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What valency of vaccine should a 32-year-old woman receive?

A 32-year-old woman is eligible for either the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Both the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines effectively prevent high-risk HPV infections, offering protection for cervical health. If there is an allergy to any vaccine component or if the individual has an acute illness with fever prior to vaccination, medical evaluation is recommended. The bivalent HPV vaccine specifically targets prevention of HPV types 16 and 18.

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Can I get the HPV vaccine if I test positive for high-risk types HPV 16 and 18?

If HPV types 16 and 18 are positive but cervical cytology results are normal, with no evidence of cervical intraepithelial lesions or cancer, vaccination with a vaccine covering additional high-risk HPV types (such as the nine-valent or quadrivalent vaccines) may be considered. This can help prevent infection from non-16/18 high-risk HPV types, reduce the risk of subsequent infections, and lower the likelihood of various HPV-related diseases. In such cases, vaccination is generally acceptable.

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How many doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine are required?

For individuals aged 9–14 years receiving the quadrivalent HPV vaccine for the first time and who have no contraindications to vaccination, a 2-dose schedule at 0 and 6–12 months is recommended. This age group typically exhibits a strong immune response, and two doses are sufficient to achieve optimal protective efficacy. This approach not only reduces the number of injections but also minimizes inconvenience associated with multiple visits, aligning with vaccination guidelines in most countries and regions.

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What tests are needed before receiving the quadrivalent HPV vaccine?

Examinations generally required before receiving the quadrivalent HPV vaccine may include HPV virus testing, cervical cytology examination, routine blood test, coagulation function test, and screening for infectious diseases. These tests help determine whether there is an existing HPV infection, particularly the high-risk types (types 16 and 18) and low-risk types (types 6 and 11) covered by the quadrivalent vaccine, thereby clarifying the individual's infection status prior to vaccination.

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Can I still receive the 9-valent vaccine after having received the 4-valent vaccine?

"Quadrivalent" refers to the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, and "nonavalent" refers to the nonavalent HPV vaccine. It is possible to receive the nonavalent HPV vaccine after having received the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, but certain conditions must be met, and it is not mandatory. Neither the quadrivalent nor the nonavalent HPV vaccine can guarantee 100% protection against HPV. Even after receiving the HPV vaccine, regular cervical cancer screening should still be performed.

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Is it possible to receive the third dose of the cervical cancer vaccine after the age of 45?

If the recipient was under the recommended upper age limit when receiving the first two doses of the cervical cancer vaccine—45 years for the bivalent vaccine, 45 years for the quadrivalent vaccine, and 26 years for the nonavalent vaccine—and has completed the first two doses according to the prescribed vaccination schedule, then even if the recipient's age exceeds 45 years when receiving the third dose, vaccination can still proceed.

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