How to measure heart rate
Apr 24, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Tian Hongbo
Introduction
Heart rate can be determined using a stethoscope or by estimating from pulse measurement. Normally, heartbeat corresponds with the pulse, so heart rate can be estimated by counting the pulse. Typically, the radial artery on either the left or right side can be chosen—the radial side being the thumb side of the wrist. Use your fingers to locate the radial artery pulsation at the wrist, then count the number of beats for one minute to obtain the heart rate per minute. Alternatively, measure for 2, 3, or 5 minutes and calculate the average value to determine the heart rate, which helps reduce measurement error.
Heart rate can be measured through methods such as auscultation with a stethoscope or estimating from pulse measurement, as detailed below:
1. Stethoscope
A stethoscope allows direct measurement of heartbeats. Place the stethoscope at the cardiac apex, which is located 0.5–1 cm inside the left midclavicular line at the fifth intercostal space—this area corresponds to the point of maximal impulse (PMI). The exact location of the PMI may vary depending on body habitus or conditions such as hypertension; therefore, auscultation should be performed where the impulse is most prominent. Count the number of heartbeats for one full minute to determine the heart rate.
2. Pulse Measurement and Estimation
Heart rate typically matches the pulse rate, so heart rate can be estimated by measuring the pulse. Usually, the radial artery on either the left or right wrist can be used—the radial side refers to the thumb side. Locate the pulsation of the radial artery at the wrist, then count the beats for one minute to obtain the heart rate per minute. Alternatively, measure over 2, 3, or 5 minutes and calculate the average value, which helps reduce measurement error.
In addition to these methods, heart rate can also be measured using automated pulse counters or blood pressure monitors.
