What are the causes of vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation?
Sep 13, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
In general, non-menstrual vaginal bleeding may be related to ovulation bleeding, vaginal injury, menstrual disorders, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and other factors. Patients are advised to receive symptomatic treatment as directed by a physician. Additionally, conditions such as endometritis and cervical polyps may also contribute. If patients experience any discomfort, they should seek timely medical attention at a hospital to avoid delaying diagnosis and treatment.
Under normal circumstances, vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation may be related to ovulation bleeding, vaginal injury, menstrual disorders, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and other factors. Patients are advised to follow medical instructions for symptomatic treatment. Specific analyses are as follows:
1. Ovulation Bleeding
Ovulation bleeding commonly occurs in adolescent females. After a mature follicle releases an egg, estrogen levels drop significantly, which is insufficient to maintain the normal endometrial growth cycle, leading to non-menstrual bleeding. Patients may take medications such as progesterone capsules or dydrogesterone tablets under medical guidance to supplement hormones and gradually restore the body to normal function.
2. Vaginal Injury
Excessive force during sexual intercourse or straddle injuries may cause local damage and bleeding in the vagina, manifesting as vaginal bleeding, possibly accompanied by vaginal pain. If the injury is small and superficial, bleeding often stops on its own; proper disinfection is usually sufficient. For more severe injuries, suturing under medical advice may be required.
3. Menstrual Disorders
A woman's menstrual cycle can be influenced by various factors such as hormonal changes, emotional stress, and diet. Periods may occur earlier or later than expected, sometimes being mistaken for "non-menstrual" bleeding. This is generally considered a normal variation and does not require excessive concern.
4. Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy can present with non-menstrual bleeding. Typical symptoms include missed periods, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding, often due to rupture of the ectopic gestational sac with subsequent hemorrhage. In cases of severe bleeding accompanied by shock, patients may require salpingectomy (removal of the fallopian tube) with medical assistance, and in some cases, hysterectomy may be necessary.
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PID is a common gynecological condition that may result from unhygienic sexual practices or using unclean sanitary pads. It often causes lower abdominal pain, increased vaginal discharge, and abnormal vaginal bleeding. Therefore, bleeding outside of menstruation could be caused by PID. Patients may be treated with medications such as azithromycin tablets or levofloxacin tablets as directed by a physician.
In addition, abnormal bleeding may also be associated with endometritis, cervical polyps, and other conditions. If patients experience any discomfort, they should seek timely medical evaluation at a hospital to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.
