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How are hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D transmitted?

Oct 17, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lu Haiying
Introduction
In general, "hepatitis B" refers to chronic hepatitis B virus infection, "hepatitis C" refers to hepatitis C virus infection, and "hepatitis D" refers to hepatitis D virus infection. The transmission routes of chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D include blood-borne transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sexual transmission, iatrogenic transmission, and transmission via skin or mucous membranes.

In general, hepatitis B refers to chronic hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C refers to hepatitis C virus infection, and hepatitis D refers to hepatitis D virus infection. The transmission routes of chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D include blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sexual transmission, iatrogenic transmission, and transmission via skin or mucous membranes. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Blood transmission

Blood transmission is a common route for chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D. Receiving blood or blood products contaminated with HBV, HCV, or HDV may lead to post-transfusion chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or hepatitis D.

2. Mother-to-child transmission

Mother-to-child transmission mainly includes intrauterine transmission and fetal period transmission. Approximately 90% of infections occur through close contact during the perinatal period and after birth. Pregnant women infected with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or hepatitis D have a high probability of transmitting the virus to their fetus.

3. Sexual transmission

HBV, HCV, and HDV can be transmitted through contact with genital secretions and vaginal fluids. Additionally, kissing may transmit the viruses if there are oral mucosal lesions.

4. Iatrogenic transmission

Iatrogenic transmission occurs during medical examinations or treatments when medical instruments contaminated with HBV, HCV, or HDV are used without strict sterilization and are reused. This includes surgical instruments, dental tools, blood collection needles, acupuncture needles, and endoscopes.

5. Skin and mucous membrane transmission

Healthy individuals may become infected if their damaged skin or mucous membranes come into contact with body fluids from patients with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or hepatitis D. Examples include sharing razors or toothbrushes, tattooing, and ear piercing.

If patients experience any discomfort symptoms, they should promptly seek medical attention at a hospital to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.

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