How are uterine cysts formed?

Uterine cysts may form due to congenital factors or be caused by surgical trauma, cervicitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and other conditions. Specific details are as follows:

1. Congenital factors

During fetal development in females, some tissues fail to fully regress and disappear, remaining in the uterus and gradually forming cystic structures.

2. Surgical trauma

Procedures such as abortion or curettage may damage the endometrium. During the healing process, localized tissue proliferation may occur, leading to cyst formation.

3. Cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix, if left untreated for a prolonged period, may cause blockage of cervical gland openings. This prevents normal drainage of glandular secretions, ultimately resulting in cyst formation. These cysts are typically located on the surface of the cervix.

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

This condition is characterized by multiple cystic structures within the ovaries. These cysts form because follicles fail to mature and ovulate normally, causing them to accumulate in the ovary. The accumulated follicles secrete large amounts of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, leading to hormonal imbalances that promote excessive endometrial cell proliferation, which may result in uterine cysts.

5. Endometriosis

This refers to the growth of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity, such as in the ovaries or retroperitoneum. In affected individuals, the ectopic endometrial tissue bleeds cyclically with menstruation, easily triggering local inflammatory reactions. Inflammatory stimulation leads to fibrous tissue proliferation, which surrounds the bleeding sites and forms cysts.

To prevent and reduce the occurrence of uterine cysts, it is recommended to regulate lifestyle habits, maintain a healthy diet, avoid genital tract infections, and promptly treat related diseases. If uterine cysts are detected, timely medical consultation is advised.