What causes hand swelling in hemiplegia?

Generally, hand swelling in hemiplegic patients may be caused by various factors such as improper positioning, muscle atrophy, local infection, neurogenic edema, or deep vein thrombosis. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician.

1. Improper Positioning

Hemiplegic patients who remain in the same position for prolonged periods, especially with arms hanging down or compressed, may experience poor blood circulation in the hands, leading to edema. Regularly changing positions and performing passive joint movements can help improve circulation.

2. Muscle Atrophy

After hemiplegia, limited limb movement results in insufficient muscular stimulation, which may lead to muscle atrophy and subsequent hand swelling. Performing active or passive limb exercises helps strengthen muscles and promotes lymphatic and blood return.

3. Local Infection

Local infections are usually caused by skin damage. The resulting inflammatory response increases vascular permeability, causing excessive exudation of tissue fluid and forming edema. This may also be accompanied by symptoms such as hand pain and fever. Patients are advised to use medications such as mupirocin ointment, amoxicillin capsules, or metronidazole tablets under the guidance of a physician.

4. Neurogenic Edema

Neurogenic edema may result from factors such as allergies or inflammation. After nerve injury, abnormal neurotransmitter release may increase vascular permeability, disrupting the balance of fluid and protein exchange between blood vessels and surrounding tissues, thus causing edema. This condition is often accompanied by hand pain and sensory abnormalities. Patients may take medications such as loratadine tablets, acyclovir tablets, or cefixime tablets under medical supervision to alleviate symptoms.

5. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

DVT occurs when blood abnormally clots within deep veins, obstructing the vessel and impairing venous return. Reduced mobility in hemiplegic patients leads to blood stasis, increasing the risk of clot formation, which manifests as hand swelling. Symptoms may include fever, redness, and swelling. Patients may be prescribed medications such as warfarin sodium tablets, clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablets, or atorvastatin calcium tablets according to medical advice.

In daily life, avoid maintaining the same posture for extended periods, maintain an optimistic mindset, and engage in appropriate physical activity.