What causes swollen ankles in the elderly?

Sep 22, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Chen Jian

Introduction

Swelling in the ankles of elderly individuals may be caused by prolonged standing or sitting, tight footwear or socks, hypothyroidism, lower limb venous thrombosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other reasons. In daily life, it is important to avoid maintaining the same posture for extended periods, choose well-fitting shoes and socks, and maintain moderate physical activity to promote blood circulation and prevent ankle swelling.

Generally, ankle swelling in elderly individuals may be caused by prolonged standing or sitting, tight footwear, hypothyroidism, lower extremity venous thrombosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment under a doctor's guidance may include general measures and medication. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Prolonged Standing or Sitting

Remaining in a standing or seated position for extended periods can obstruct venous blood return in the lower limbs, increasing venous pressure and causing blood to pool, which leads to ankle swelling. It is important to avoid prolonged immobility and to regularly move the legs throughout the day.

2. Tight Shoes or Socks

Wearing ill-fitting shoes or socks can compress the ankle area, impairing local blood circulation and resulting in swelling. It is advisable to wear loose, comfortable footwear and avoid excessive constriction.

3. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is primarily caused by insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones. This condition slows the body's metabolism and leads to deposition of mucoid substances in tissues and skin, causing symptoms such as ankle swelling. Patients may also experience fatigue and weakness. Treatment typically involves medications such as levothyroxine sodium tablets, thyroid tablets, and vitamin B12 tablets, taken as prescribed by a physician.

4. Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis

Lower limb venous thrombosis may be associated with prolonged bed rest, surgery, or other factors. The clot can block venous return, leading to blood pooling in dependent areas like the ankles, resulting in swelling. Symptoms may include leg pain and swelling. Treatment under medical supervision may involve anticoagulant medications such as warfarin sodium tablets, urokinase for injection, and low molecular weight heparin calcium injection.

5. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Genetic, immune system, and environmental factors can contribute to this condition. Rheumatoid arthritis triggers inflammatory responses in the ankle joints, causing local congestion and edema, which results in ankle swelling. Symptoms may include morning stiffness and joint deformities. Medications such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release capsules, nabumetone capsules, and meloxicam tablets may be prescribed for treatment.

In daily life, it is important to avoid maintaining the same posture for long periods, choose properly fitting shoes and socks, and engage in moderate physical activity to promote blood circulation and prevent ankle swelling.

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What causes poor venous return and ankle edema?

Under normal circumstances, the main causes of poor venous return and ankle edema include prolonged sitting or standing, pregnancy, lower extremity varicose veins, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a正规 hospital. In daily life, avoid prolonged sitting or standing, regularly move the lower limbs, control salt intake, and reduce fluid retention.