What causes a polyp to grow under the tongue?
Sep 29, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Bites or burns can damage the mucous membrane, and during the local tissue repair process, abnormal proliferation may occur, leading to the formation of polyps, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as pain and bleeding. It is important to avoid further injury to the oral mucosa and maintain good oral hygiene. Anti-inflammatory medications such as compound chamomile lidocaine gel, compound acetic acid dexamethasone cream, or hydrogen peroxide solution may be used under medical guidance.
Under normal circumstances, the presence of a polyp under the tongue may be related to sublingual caruncles, genetic factors, biting or thermal injuries, genital warts (condyloma acuminata), glossitis, and other conditions. If any abnormalities are noticed, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:
1. Sublingual Caruncle
The sublingual caruncle is a normal anatomical structure located on either side of the lingual frenulum, appearing as a small, raised, mound-like protrusion that contains the openings of the ducts of the submandibular and sublingual glands. This is a normal physiological feature and does not indicate disease. No specific treatment is required; maintaining good oral hygiene is sufficient.
2. Genetic Factors
Genetic predisposition may cause individuals to carry genes that make them more susceptible to developing polyps, leading to abnormal tissue proliferation in the oral mucosa. Regular oral examinations are recommended. Any abnormal growths should be evaluated by a healthcare provider and may require treatment such as surgical excision or laser therapy.
3. Biting or Thermal Injury
Biting or scalding injuries can damage the mucosal tissue. During the healing process, abnormal tissue proliferation may occur, resulting in polyp formation, which might be accompanied by symptoms such as pain or bleeding. Prevent further injury to the oral mucosa and maintain proper oral hygiene. Under medical guidance, topical medications such as compound chamomile lidocaine gel, compound acetic acid dexamethasone cream, or hydrogen peroxide solution may be used to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing. Polyps that form may require surgical removal.
4. Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminata)
Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). When oral infection occurs, wart-like growths may develop under the tongue. These are often asymptomatic or may cause mild itching. Treatment options depend on severity and may include physical therapies such as laser ablation or cryotherapy, or surgical excision with suturing. Medications such as acyclovir tablets, ganciclovir tablets, or recombinant human interferon α2b injection may also be prescribed to help control the infection.
5. Glossitis
Glossitis may be triggered by deficiencies in nutrients such as zinc or vitamin B12, or by local infections. Inflammatory stimulation of the tissues beneath the tongue may lead to the formation of polyp-like structures. Symptoms may include swelling and a burning sensation on the dorsal surface or tip of the tongue. As directed by a physician, treatment may include vitamin B12 tablets, zinc gluconate oral solution, or cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash to replenish nutrients and alleviate inflammation.
It is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene, avoid contact with potentially contaminated bodily fluids or blood, adopt healthy lifestyle habits, and support overall health.
