What should be done for elderly patients with kidney failure?
Sep 30, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Guang
Introduction
In general, renal failure in the elderly is usually caused by factors such as aging, increased oxidative stress, heightened drug sensitivity, hypertension, and diabetes. It can be managed through general supportive measures and medication. If any discomfort occurs, prompt medical attention is recommended. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important, including a balanced diet, moderate exercise, and adequate sleep.
Generally, renal failure in the elderly is commonly caused by aging, increased oxidative stress, heightened drug sensitivity, hypertension, diabetes, and other factors. It can be managed through general supportive measures and medication. If any discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:
1. Aging
With advancing age, the kidneys of older adults gradually degenerate. The number of nephrons decreases, and both glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption function decline, leading to reduced excretory and regulatory functions of the kidneys, which may result in renal failure. It is important to maintain adequate sleep, aiming for 7–9 hours per day.
2. Increased Oxidative Stress
Older adults have weakened antioxidant capacity and increased free radicals, which can damage kidney cells and impair normal kidney function, contributing to renal failure. In daily life, it is advisable to consume more foods rich in antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and selenium—examples include carrots, spinach, and fish.
3. Increased Drug Sensitivity
Elderly individuals have reduced ability to metabolize and excrete drugs, making them more sensitive to nephrotoxic medications. Long-term or excessive use of such drugs may lead to kidney damage and subsequent renal failure. It is recommended to discontinue or adjust medications under a physician’s guidance and to regularly monitor kidney function.
4. Hypertension
Long-term high-salt and high-fat diets may elevate blood pressure. Chronic hypertension can cause hardening of the renal arterioles, eventually leading to kidney failure, possibly accompanied by symptoms such as increased nighttime urination. Patients should follow medical advice to take antihypertensive medications such as nifedipine controlled-release tablets, valsartan capsules, or amlodipine and atorvastatin calcium tablets to control blood pressure.
5. Diabetes
Diabetes, often caused by prolonged intake of high-calorie and high-sugar foods, leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Sustained high blood sugar damages small renal blood vessels and glomeruli, resulting in gradual decline in kidney function and ultimately renal failure in the elderly. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as anemia and retinopathy. Under medical guidance, patients may use medications like metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, glimepiride tablets, or benazepril hydrochloride tablets to manage blood glucose levels.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential, including balanced nutrition, moderate physical activity, and sufficient sleep. Avoiding high-sugar and high-salt diets can help prevent or delay the progression of kidney function decline.
