What are the medications for lowering blood sugar?

Generally, antidiabetic medications include glimepiride capsules, metformin hydrochloride tablets, repaglinide tablets, acarbose tablets, pioglitazone hydrochloride tablets, etc. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical attention and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of a physician. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Glimepiride Capsules

Glimepiride capsules are sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents that stimulate insulin secretion and are suitable for patients who still have residual pancreatic function. Possible adverse reactions include dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, and others.

2. Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets

Metformin hydrochloride tablets enhance insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, reduce hepatic glucose output, and decrease gastrointestinal absorption of carbohydrates. Treatment typically starts at a low dose, gradually increasing based on blood glucose levels. However, possible adverse reactions may include flushing, palpitations, and unstable angina.

3. Repaglinide Tablets

Repaglinide tablets are a new class of non-sulfonylurea short-acting oral insulin secretagogues that rapidly lower blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. They can bind to different receptors, closing ATP-dependent potassium channels in β-cell membranes, leading to depolarization of β-cells, opening of calcium channels, increased calcium influx, and subsequent induction of insulin secretion. Possible side effects include anxiety, dizziness, sweating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

4. Acarbose Tablets

Acarbose tablets are α-glucosidase inhibitors that inhibit α-glucosidase activity in the brush border of small intestinal epithelial cells, delaying the breakdown of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, or disaccharides in the gut, thereby reducing postprandial blood glucose. Common side effects include bloating, increased bowel sounds, and excessive flatulence; occasionally diarrhea or abdominal pain may occur.

5. Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Tablets

Pioglitazone hydrochloride tablets are thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents that increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, thus helping control blood glucose, lower lipid levels, and reduce circulating insulin levels. Potential adverse reactions include edema, gastrointestinal discomfort, abnormal liver function, and decreased bone mineral density.

When using antidiabetic drugs, it is essential to follow medical instructions, use medications appropriately, and regularly monitor blood glucose levels to adjust dosages. Additionally, maintaining proper dietary control and engaging in regular physical exercise are also important strategies for managing blood glucose levels.