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What are the differences between cellulitis and erysipelas?

Nov 08, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Chen Jian
Introduction
Cellulitis and erysipelas are two distinct skin infectious diseases, primarily differing in the causative bacteria, site of infection, incubation period, clinical presentation, and treatment approaches. Cellulitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection, although it may sometimes also be caused by other bacteria such as streptococci. Erysipelas is primarily caused by group B hemolytic streptococcus infection.

Cellulitis and erysipelas are two distinct skin infectious diseases, primarily differing in the causative bacteria, infection site, incubation period, symptom presentation, treatment methods, and other aspects. A detailed comparison is as follows:

1. Causative Bacteria

Cellulitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection, although it may sometimes also be caused by other bacteria such as streptococcus. Erysipelas is primarily caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection.

2. Infection Site

Cellulitis can occur widely on the skin, including limbs, face, back, and other body areas; in some cases, it may also develop on the buttocks, perianal region, and other areas. Erysipelas mainly affects the lower limbs and face, particularly the lower legs, dorsum of the foot, and head and facial regions, typically occurring unilaterally.

3. Incubation Period

Cellulitis has a relatively short incubation period, usually manifesting within a few days. Erysipelas has a longer incubation period, typically around one week.

4. Symptom Presentation

Cellulitis presents with localized redness, swelling, pain, and fever, with the red and swollen area potentially expanding rapidly and accompanied by significant tenderness. The inflammation can spread quickly in all directions without clear boundaries. In severe cases, the affected skin may show signs of ischemia and necrosis. Erysipelas also presents with local redness, pain, and fever, but the erythematous lesion has a relatively clear border, with the skin surface appearing taut and shiny. Patients often experience burning and pain in the affected skin. In severe cases, blisters, bullae, or pustules may develop on the erythematous base, and even small areas of hemorrhagic necrosis. Deeper lesions can lead to skin gangrene.

5. Treatment Methods

If cellulitis leads to purulent infection and abscess formation, incision and drainage under medical guidance are required for treatment. Erysipelas does not lead to abscess formation and can be managed by following medical advice to use medications such as azithromycin, amoxicillin capsules, or nitrofurazone ointment to control the infection. It is also important to maintain cleanliness and dryness of the affected area and avoid squeezing or friction.

It is recommended to take preventive measures in daily life, paying particular attention to maintaining hygiene in public places to reduce the risk of disease transmission.

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