How to supplement low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Generally, low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be caused by insufficient sunlight exposure, inadequate nutrient intake, diarrhea, cholestatic liver disease, or glomerulonephritis. Supplementation can be achieved through nutritional support and medications such as montmorillonite powder, ursodeoxycholic acid capsules, and Bailing capsules. If symptoms occur, prompt medical attention is advised. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Insufficient Sunlight Exposure

Spending prolonged periods indoors or excessive sun protection can lead to inadequate ultraviolet radiation exposure on the skin, which affects vitamin D synthesis. This may also present with symptoms such as fatigue and decreased immunity. It is recommended to increase outdoor activity and obtain moderate sun exposure when sunlight is sufficient.

2. Inadequate Nutrient Intake

An unbalanced diet, picky eating, or selective eating habits can lead to insufficient vitamin D intake. Symptoms may include bone pain and muscle weakness. Dietary adjustments should focus on increasing consumption of vitamin D-rich foods such as fish, animal liver, and egg yolks.

3. Diarrhea

Diarrhea may be caused by improper diet, irregular作息 (作息 should be translated as "lifestyle habits"), or other unhealthy habits. Chronic diarrhea may reduce intestinal absorption of vitamin D, leading to the aforementioned symptoms. Additional symptoms may include abdominal pain and weight loss. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as montmorillonite powder, bismuth subsalicylate dispersible tablets, or loperamide hydrochloride capsules for treatment.

4. Cholestatic Liver Disease

Cholestatic liver disease may be caused by microbial infections, improper medication use, or excessive alcohol consumption. This condition can lead to insufficient bile secretion or impaired bile flow, thereby affecting vitamin D activation and reducing its levels. Symptoms may also include jaundice, skin itching, and dark urine. Patients may follow medical guidance to use medications such as ademetionine enteric-coated tablets, ursodeoxycholic acid capsules, and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules for treatment.

5. Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis may be caused by infections, immune system dysfunction, or other factors. This disease can lead to abnormal vitamin D metabolism, potentially lowering its levels. Symptoms may also include hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as Bailing capsules, furosemide tablets, and compound puerariae and hydrochlorothiazide tablets for treatment.

In daily life, in addition to supplementing the above nutrients, it is important to maintain a balanced diet and consume more fresh fruits and vegetables to promote nutritional balance and benefit overall health.