What are the symptoms of influenza virus infection?

Feb 13, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Ren Yi

Introduction

Under normal circumstances, the flu virus refers to the influenza virus. Symptoms of infection with the influenza virus include fever, cough and sore throat, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, nasal congestion, and runny nose. During flu season, people should enhance personal protection, such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and avoiding crowded places, to reduce the risk.

Under normal circumstances, the term "influenza virus" refers to the virus that causes influenza. Symptoms of infection with the influenza virus include fever, cough and sore throat, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, nasal congestion, and runny nose. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Fever

When the influenza virus replicates within the body, it triggers an immune response that causes the body's thermostat to reset to a higher temperature, resulting in fever. Body temperature can rapidly rise, potentially exceeding 38.5°C, and may persist for several days.

2. Cough and Sore Throat

The influenza virus primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx. When the virus replicates in these areas, it causes mucosal inflammation and swelling, leading to coughing and sore throat.

3. Muscle and Joint Pain

During replication within the body, the influenza virus releases inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. These inflammatory substances can cause a systemic inflammatory response, resulting in muscle and joint pain.

4. Fatigue and Weakness

Infection with the influenza virus triggers a strong response from the body's immune system, consuming significant amounts of energy. Additionally, viral replication and the inflammatory response increase the body's metabolic rate, intensifying feelings of fatigue and weakness.

5. Nasal Congestion and Runny Nose

When the influenza virus affects the upper respiratory tract, it causes nasal mucosal congestion, swelling, and increased secretions. These changes lead to nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, which are common respiratory symptoms.

Influenza symptoms may vary among individuals, and the severity can differ from person to person. During flu season, individuals should enhance personal protection measures, such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and avoiding crowded places, to reduce the risk of infection.

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