How to administer rabies vaccine after exposure

Mar 18, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Yang Ziqi

Introduction

The rabies vaccine should be administered within 24 hours after exposure. Currently, individuals can choose an appropriate vaccination schedule based on their specific circumstances, such as the four-dose or five-dose regimen. The four-dose regimen typically involves receiving two doses on the first day, followed by one dose each on day 7 and day 21. The five-dose regimen involves receiving one dose on the first day, followed by one dose each on day 3, day 7, and day 21.

Generally speaking, rabies vaccine refers to the rabies vaccine. Post-exposure rabies vaccination should be administered within 24 hours after a bite or scratch. A total of four or five doses are required, and injections can be given in either the left or right arm. If exposed, medical attention is necessary. Detailed explanation is as follows:

It is generally recommended to receive rabies vaccination promptly after being scratched or bitten by a canine animal, preferably within 24 hours. Afterwards, individuals can choose between the four-dose or five-dose vaccination schedule.

The four-dose regimen involves receiving two injections on the day of exposure, one in each arm, followed by one injection on day 7 and another on day 21, totaling four doses. The five-dose regimen involves receiving the first dose on the day of exposure, followed by doses on day 3, day 7, and day 21, totaling five doses.

It should be noted that rabies vaccination should not be administered too early or delayed excessively, to avoid affecting the immunization effectiveness. Additionally, reactions after vaccination should be monitored, and any adverse effects should be reported to a physician promptly.

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What are the post-vaccination precautions after receiving a rabies vaccine?

In general, after receiving the rabies vaccine, it is important to follow dietary restrictions, avoid alcohol consumption, refrain from strenuous exercise, prevent wound infection, and use other medications cautiously. In daily life, it is recommended to avoid contact with stray animals as much as possible to reduce the risk of animal bites or scratches. If keeping pets at home, ensure they receive regular rabies vaccinations and maintain their overall health through proper management.

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What are the side effects of the rabies vaccine?

In general, rabies vaccine refers to the vaccine for rabies. Possible side effects of the rabies vaccine may include pain at the injection site, low-grade fever, allergic shock, nausea, and muscle aches. After vaccination, individuals should remain at the vaccination site for 30 minutes of observation to monitor for any adverse reactions. If severe allergic reactions such as difficulty breathing, pallor, or palpitations occur, timely medical treatment can be provided.

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Which groups of people need to receive the rabies vaccine in advance?

Individuals who have long-term contact with animals, laboratory workers handling rabies virus, rabies disease managers, close contacts of rabies virus, and high-risk travelers should receive rabies vaccination. Since these individuals have a higher risk of rabies virus infection, timely vaccination can provide certain preventive effects and reduce the likelihood of developing the disease.

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What are the side effects of the rabies vaccine?

Under normal circumstances, rabies is a disease with an extremely high fatality rate, and vaccination can effectively prevent rabies. Possible side effects include local reactions at the injection site, systemic fever reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, neurological symptoms, joint pain, and others. To reduce post-vaccination discomfort, it is recommended to avoid alcohol consumption, strong tea, and coffee during the rabies vaccination period.