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How is AIDS produced?

Jun 24, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
The transmission routes of AIDS generally include sexual contact, blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sharing of injection equipment, and iatrogenic transmission. During sexual activity, the mucous membranes of the genital organs are in a fragile state, making them prone to minor injuries through which the HIV virus can enter the body. Vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, and oral sex between same-sex or opposite-sex partners all carry a risk of infection.

The general transmission routes of AIDS include sexual contact, blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sharing of injection equipment, and iatrogenic transmission. If you have any concerns, it is recommended to seek medical consultation in advance. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Sexual transmission: During sexual activity, the mucous membranes of the genital organs are in a fragile state and minor injuries can easily occur, allowing the HIV virus to enter the body. Vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, or oral sex between same-sex or opposite-sex partners all carry a risk of infection. Particularly during anal intercourse, the rectal mucosa is thin and susceptible to damage, increasing the likelihood of infection.

2. Blood transmission: Receiving blood or blood products contaminated with the HIV virus can directly lead to infection. Using injection needles, acupuncture needles that have not been strictly sterilized, or sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes with an infected person may also lead to transmission if these items are contaminated with infected blood. Unregulated tattooing or ear-piercing procedures also pose hidden risks.

3. Mother-to-child transmission: Pregnant women infected with HIV may transmit the virus to their fetuses or infants during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. During pregnancy, the virus can pass through the placenta to the fetus; during delivery, the baby may come into contact with maternal secretions containing the virus; and during breastfeeding, infants may become infected by consuming breast milk containing the virus.

4. Transmission via shared injection equipment: Among drug users, sharing of injection equipment among multiple individuals is a common way of HIV transmission. Injection equipment contaminated with even minute amounts of infected blood can transmit the virus when reused by different individuals. This not only accelerates the spread of HIV among drug users but also increases the risk of co-infection with other blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

5. Iatrogenic transmission: During medical procedures, if surgical instruments, dental tools, or other medical equipment are not thoroughly sterilized and are used on another patient after contact with an HIV-infected individual, the virus may be transmitted. Organ transplantation can also transmit HIV if the donor is infected. However, in formal medical settings, strict donor screening processes are implemented to prevent such occurrences.

Prevention of AIDS should include practicing safe sex, avoiding the use of inadequately sterilized medical instruments and blood products, and implementing effective mother-to-child transmission prevention measures.

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