Can apples help reduce dark circles under the eyes?
Generally, apples can have a supportive effect in improving mild dark circles, but their effectiveness is limited for persistent dark circles caused by factors such as genetics or long-term irregular sleep patterns. Detailed analysis is as follows:

Apples are rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and natural moisturizing factors. Applying chilled apple slices to the eye area can produce a cooling sensation that helps constrict blood vessels around the eyes, reducing puffiness-related dark circles. The nutrients may also mildly nourish the delicate skin around the eyes, helping to relieve dryness and dullness. Additionally, consuming apples provides essential nutrients to the body, supporting normal skin metabolism and promoting overall eye-area health from within.
However, dark circles have complex causes. Pigmentation due to genetics or impaired blood circulation from chronic sleep deprivation cannot be effectively addressed by apples alone. In these cases, pigment deposition runs deeper and skin damage around the eyes is more pronounced, making it difficult to achieve noticeable lightening through topical application or consumption of apples alone. Targeted treatments are required for effective improvement.
In daily routines, using apple slices as a basic eye treatment can be beneficial, but it's more important to ensure adequate sleep and avoid staying up late. Consistent eye massage to promote blood circulation, proper sun protection when outdoors to minimize pigmentation, and the use of gentle eye care products are all necessary for more effective management of dark circles.