Symptoms and Treatment of Hordeolum

Styes are characterized by symptoms such as eyelid redness and swelling, localized pain, nodule formation, pustule rupture, and a foreign body sensation in the eye. Treatment options include topical medications, systemic medications, physical therapy, incision and drainage, and daily care, which should be tailored according to the severity of the condition. If symptoms worsen or are accompanied by fever or vision changes, prompt medical attention is recommended.

I. Symptoms

1. Eyelid Redness and Swelling: In the early stages, localized redness and swelling appear on the eyelid, affecting either the upper or lower lid. The swollen area may gradually enlarge as inflammation progresses, with relatively clear boundaries upon touch.

2. Localized Pain: The swollen area is accompanied by noticeable pain, which intensifies with pressure. The severity of pain correlates with the degree of inflammation; some patients may experience throbbing or aching pain.

3. Nodule Formation: Within 2–3 days after onset, a firm, grain-sized or pea-sized nodule forms at the center of the swollen area. This hard, poorly mobile lump is a typical sign of a stye.

4. Pustule Rupture: Around 4–5 days after onset, a yellowish-white pus point appears at the top of the nodule. Once mature, this pustule may rupture spontaneously, leading to gradual symptom relief after pus discharge.

5. Foreign Body Sensation: Inflammation increases eye secretions, while eyelid swelling may press against the eyeball, causing a foreign body sensation, burning, or mild blurring of vision.

II. Treatment

1. Topical Medications: In the early stage, antibiotic eye ointments or eye drops can be applied to suppress bacterial infection and reduce inflammatory response. Medication should be used in sufficient dosage and for the full prescribed duration.

2. Systemic Medications: If inflammation is extensive, accompanied by fever, or recurrent, oral antibiotics may be taken under medical supervision to prevent infection from spreading to the orbit or systemically.

3. Physical Therapy: Local warm compresses during the initial phase—applied 3–4 times daily for 10–15 minutes each time—can improve local blood circulation, promote resolution of inflammation, and alleviate pain.

4. Incision and Drainage: If the pustule fails to rupture spontaneously or if the abscess is large, a healthcare provider should perform an incision to drain the pus. Self-squeezing should be avoided to prevent spreading the infection.

5. Daily Care: Maintain good eye hygiene, avoid rubbing the eyes, minimize eye irritation, eat a light diet avoiding spicy foods, and ensure adequate sleep to support recovery.

During treatment, avoid eye makeup and wearing contact lenses. Keep the eye area clean and dry, strictly follow medical instructions for medication, refrain from squeezing the nodule, and maintain a light, easily digestible diet to promote rapid resolution of ocular inflammation.