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Treatment methods for lumbar disc herniation

Nov 25, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Chen Jian
Introduction
Treatment options for lumbar disc herniation include conservative drug therapy, physical agent therapy, rehabilitation training, minimally invasive interventional therapy, and open surgical treatment. An individualized treatment plan should be selected based on the severity and duration of the condition. If symptoms such as numbness, weakness in the lower limbs, or urinary and bowel dysfunction occur, prompt medical attention is recommended. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used during the acute phase to relieve pain.

Lumbar disc herniation can be treated through conservative medication, physical agent therapy, rehabilitation training, minimally invasive interventions, or open surgery. An individualized treatment plan should be selected based on the severity and duration of the condition. If symptoms such as numbness, weakness in the lower limbs, or urinary/bowel dysfunction occur, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Conservative Medication: During the acute phase, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to relieve pain, combined with neurotrophic agents to alleviate symptoms of nerve compression. This approach is suitable for patients with mild herniation and minor symptoms, and medications should be taken strictly as prescribed by a physician.

2. Physical Agent Therapy: Lumbar traction helps widen the intervertebral space and reduce pressure on the discs. Acupuncture and heat therapy may be used concurrently to improve local blood circulation, relieve muscle spasms, and assist in reducing pain and numbness.

3. Rehabilitation Training: Once the condition stabilizes, core muscle exercises such as "flying swallow" and "five-point support" can strengthen back and abdominal muscles, enhance lumbar spine stability, and reduce the risk of recurrence. These exercises should be performed under professional guidance.

4. Minimally Invasive Intervention: Procedures such as transforaminal endoscopic discectomy involve small incisions and rapid recovery. They are suitable for patients with significant nerve compression who do not respond to conservative treatment, allowing precise removal of pathological tissue.

5. Open Surgery: Procedures such as lumbar fusion are indicated for severe disc herniation accompanied by lumbar instability or spinal stenosis. Surgery aims to reconstruct the spinal structure and completely relieve nerve compression.

In daily life, maintain proper sitting and standing postures, avoid prolonged sitting or standing, and refrain from bending over to lift heavy objects. Choose a mattress of moderate firmness. Keep the lower back warm to prevent chilling, and engage in gentle exercises such as walking and swimming to reduce stress on the lumbar spine.

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