How to perform chest compressions
Nov 25, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Tian Hongbo
Introduction
Chest compressions should be performed by following steps such as assessing scene safety, positioning the patient properly, locating the compression site, using correct compression technique, and maintaining an appropriate compression rate. The procedure must be accurate and standardized to ensure effective resuscitation. If the patient loses consciousness or stops breathing, emergency services should be called immediately while starting compressions, and prompt medical treatment is recommended for further care.
Performing chest compressions requires following steps such as assessing scene safety, positioning the patient properly, locating the compression site, using correct compression techniques, and maintaining appropriate compression rate. The procedure must be precise and standardized to ensure effective emergency resuscitation. If the patient loses consciousness and stops breathing, immediately call emergency services and begin chest compressions simultaneously. It is recommended to seek timely medical care for further treatment.
1. Assess scene safety: Ensure the environment is free from hazards such as fire, electric shock, or risk of falling, to prevent secondary injuries to both rescuer and patient. Quickly assess the patient’s consciousness, breathing, and pulse to determine whether chest compressions are needed.
2. Position the patient: Place the patient in a supine position on a firm, flat surface. Loosen the collar and belt to ensure an open airway. The rescuer should kneel beside the patient, with knees shoulder-width apart, to allow effective force application.
3. Locate the compression site: Use the heel of the hand to press on the lower half of the patient's sternum, at the center point of the line connecting the two nipples. Place the heel of the left hand firmly on the chest, then place the right hand over the left, interlocking fingers while lifting them up to avoid pressing on the ribs.
4. Perform proper compression technique: Keep arms straight and perpendicular to the patient’s chest wall. Use your upper body weight to press down vertically. Compression depth should be 5–6 cm for adults. After each compression, release pressure quickly and completely to allow full chest recoil, avoiding incomplete rebound which may reduce effectiveness.
5. Maintain compression rate: Keep the compression rate between 100 and 120 per minute. The ratio of compressions to rescue breaths should be 30:2. When performing alone, continue uninterrupted until emergency personnel arrive—do not stop prematurely.
After compressions, cover the patient with clean clothing to maintain body warmth, keep the airway open, and avoid moving the head or torso unnecessarily. Closely monitor the patient's condition and cooperate with medical professionals upon their arrival by providing relevant information.
