What is the first-line drug for controlling acute asthma exacerbations?

Jul 25, 2021 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Jian

Introduction

To control acute asthma exacerbations, bronchodilators—particularly β₂-adrenergic agonists—are the first-line pharmacological treatment, enabling prompt control of asthma attacks. Commonly used short-acting β₂-agonists (SABAs) include terbutaline, salbutamol, and fenoterol, which provide bronchodilation for 4–6 hours. Alternatively, long-acting β₂-agonists (LABAs) such as formoterol may be selected, offering sustained effects for up to 12 hours.

Bronchodilators—specifically β₂-adrenergic agonists—are the first-line medications for managing acute asthma exacerbations, providing prompt control during acute episodes.Common short-acting β₂-agonists (SABAs) include terbutaline, salbutamol, and fenoterol; the typical dose is 1–2 puffs per use, with onset of action within 5–10 minutes and duration of effect lasting 4–6 hours.Long-acting β₂-agonists (LABAs) may also be used;representative agents include formoterol and salmeterol, administered as 1 puff twice daily, providing sustained bronchodilation for up to 12 hours. Both LABAs effectively control acute asthma symptoms when appropriately indicated.

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